Sri Lanka officially
the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and known from the beginning of
British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon ,
is an island country in South Asia near south-east India . Sri
Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the
southwest. Its documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of
pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years. Its
geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance
from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II. A diverse and multicultural country, Sri Lanka is
home to many religions, ethnic groups, and languages. In addition to the
majority Sinhalese, it is home to large groups of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils,
Moors, Burghers, Malays, Kaffirs and the aboriginal Vedda. Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage, and the
first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon, dates
back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC. The country's recent history has
been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively ended when Sri Lankan
military defeated Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009.
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